Nor are there any readily identifiable cognates of yeoman in Anglo-Norman, Old Frisian, Old Dutch, Old Saxon, or Middle Low German. There are no known Old English words which are considered acceptable parent words for yeoman. The earliest documented use occurs in Middle English. The etymology of yeoman is uncertain for several reasons. The yeoman outlaws of the ballads were refashioned into heroes fighting for justice under the law and the rights of freeborn Englishmen. The 19th century saw a revival of interest in the medieval period with English Romantic literature. Numerous yeoman farmers in North America served as citizen soldiers during the American War of Independence. This stratum later embodied the political and economic ideas of the English and Scottish enlightenments, and transplanted those ideas to British North America during the early modern era. These yeomen would eventually become a social stratum of commoners below the landed gentry, but above the husbandmen. The Act of 1430 restricted voting rights to those freeholders whose land value exceeded 40 shillings. In that year, the Parliament of England re-organized the House of Commons into counties and boroughs, with voting rights granted to all freeholders. References to the emerging social stratum of wealthy land-owning commoners began to appear after 1429. By the late 17th century, yeoman became a rank in the Royal Navy for the common seamen who were in charge of ship's stores, such as foodstuffs, gunpowder, and sails. In the early 15th century, yeoman was the rank of chivalry between page and squire.
Yeomen also joined the English Navy during the Hundred Years' War as seamen and archers. The 14th century also witnessed the rise of the yeoman longbow archer during the Hundred Years' War, and the yeoman outlaws celebrated in the Robin Hood ballads.
The term was first documented in mid-14th-century England.
Yeoman / ˈ j oʊ m ə n/ is a noun originally referring either to one who owns and cultivates land or to the middle ranks of servants in an English royal or noble household.
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